-
+
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ You can replace the metatable of tables
using the setmetatable function.
You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua code
(except by using the debug library (§6.10));
-you should use the C API for that.
+you must use the C API for that.
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ The result of the call is always converted to a boolean.
the <= (less equal) operation.
Unlike other operations,
-the less-equal operation can use two different events.
+The less-equal operation can use two different events.
First, Lua looks for the "__le" metamethod in both operands,
like in the "lt" operation.
If it cannot find such a metamethod,
@@ -1051,8 +1051,7 @@ except as delimiters between names and keywords.
(also called identifiers)
in Lua can be any string of letters,
digits, and underscores,
-not beginning with a digit and
-not being a reserved word.
+not beginning with a digit.
Identifiers are used to name variables, table fields, and labels.
@@ -2707,9 +2706,7 @@ The first upvalue associated with a function is at index
lua_upvalueindex(1), and so on.
Any access to lua_upvalueindex(n),
where n is greater than the number of upvalues of the
-current function
-(but not greater than 256,
-which is one plus the maximum number of upvalues in a closure),
+current function (but not greater than 256),
produces an acceptable but invalid index.
@@ -2974,7 +2971,6 @@ by looking only at its arguments
The third field, x,
tells whether the function may raise errors:
'-' means the function never raises any error;
-'m' means the function may raise memory errors;
'e' means the function may raise errors;
'v' means the function may raise an error on purpose.
@@ -3147,8 +3143,7 @@ The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns.
The number of results is adjusted to nresults,
unless nresults is LUA_MULTRET.
In this case, all results from the function are pushed.
-Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space,
-but it does not ensure any extra space in the stack.
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space.
The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
(the first result is pushed first),
so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
@@ -3258,15 +3253,14 @@ of numeric arguments and returns their average and their sum:
int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int n);
-Ensures that the stack has space for at least n extra slots
-(that is, that you can safely push up to n values into it).
+Ensures that the stack has space for at least n extra slots.
It returns false if it cannot fulfill the request,
either because it would cause the stack
to be larger than a fixed maximum size
(typically at least several thousand elements) or
because it cannot allocate memory for the extra space.
This function never shrinks the stack;
-if the stack already has space for the extra slots,
+if the stack is already larger than the new size,
it is left unchanged.
@@ -3351,7 +3345,7 @@ Values at other positions are not affected.
lua_createtable-[-0, +1, m] +[-0, +1, e]
void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
@@ -3361,7 +3355,7 @@ will have as a sequence;
parameter
-[-0, +0, –]
+[-0, +0, e]
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -3996,7 +3990,7 @@ It is equivalent to
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4017,7 +4011,7 @@ like any Lua object.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4227,7 +4221,7 @@ Pushes a boolean value with value
-[-n, +1, m]
+[-n, +1, e]
@@ -4284,7 +4278,7 @@ and return its results (see
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4364,7 +4358,7 @@ light userdata with the same C address.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4376,7 +4370,7 @@ but should be used only when
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4419,7 +4413,7 @@ Pushes a float with value
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -4466,7 +4460,7 @@ onto the stack.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
-[-2, +0, m]
+[-2, +0, e]
@@ -4573,7 +4567,7 @@ Similar to
-[-1, +0, m]
+[-1, +0, e]
@@ -4592,7 +4586,7 @@ that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
-[-1, +0, m]
+[-1, +0, e]
@@ -4995,13 +4989,13 @@ indicates whether the operation succeeded.
-[-0, +0, m]
+[-0, +0, e]
Converts the Lua value at the given index to a C string.
If
-
-[-0, +0, m]
+[-0, +0, e]
@@ -5890,7 +5884,7 @@ in alphabetical order.
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -5902,7 +5896,7 @@ Adds the byte
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -5916,7 +5910,7 @@ The string can contain embedded zeros.
-[-?, +?, –]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -5929,7 +5923,7 @@ buffer area (see
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -5942,7 +5936,7 @@ to the buffer
-[-1, +?, m]
+[-1, +?, e]
@@ -6080,7 +6074,7 @@ the buffer must be declared as a variable
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -6331,7 +6325,7 @@ as
-[-0, +3, m]
+[-0, +3, e]
@@ -6344,7 +6338,7 @@ process-related functions in the standard library
-[-0, +(1|3), m]
+[-0, +(1|3), e]
@@ -6357,7 +6351,7 @@ file-related functions in the standard library
-[-0, +(0|1), m]
+[-0, +(0|1), e]
@@ -6372,7 +6366,7 @@ pushes nothing and returns
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, –]
@@ -6402,7 +6396,7 @@ and false if it creates a new table.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -6559,7 +6553,7 @@ not a pointer to it.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -6580,7 +6574,7 @@ not a pointer to it.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -6670,9 +6664,6 @@ Otherwise, raises an error.
If
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -6723,7 +6714,7 @@ with the predefined size
-[-?, +?, m]
+[-?, +?, e]
@@ -6739,7 +6730,7 @@ it to the buffer.
-[-?, +1, m]
+[-?, +1, e]
@@ -6751,7 +6742,7 @@ the top of the stack.
-[-?, +1, m]
+[-?, +1, e]
@@ -6762,7 +6753,7 @@ Equivalent to the sequence
-[-1, +0, m]
+[-1, +0, e]
@@ -6833,7 +6824,7 @@ Leaves a copy of the module on the stack.
-[-nup, +0, m]
+[-nup, +0, e]
@@ -6897,7 +6888,7 @@ this function receives the file handle as its sole argument and
must return either true (in case of success)
or nil plus an error message (in case of error).
Once Lua calls this field,
-it changes the field value to
-[-0, +0, m]
+[-0, +0, e]
@@ -6941,7 +6932,7 @@ and uses the result of the call as its result.
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
-[-0, +1, m]
+[-0, +1, e]
@@ -7485,8 +7476,7 @@ and
Sets the metatable for the given table.
-(To change the metatable of other types from Lua code,
-you must use the debug library (§6.10).)
+(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.)
If
A global variable (not a function) that
-holds a string containing the running Lua version.
+holds a string containing the current interpreter version.
The current value of this variable is "
@@ -8407,11 +8392,6 @@ The default value for
-(Note that it is very easy to exhaust the memory of your machine
-with a single call to this function.)
-
-
@@ -8983,23 +8963,14 @@ If
-Note that the
The sort algorithm is not stable;
-that is, elements not comparable by the given order
-(e.g., equal elements)
+that is, elements considered equal by the given order
may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
@@ -9251,13 +9222,14 @@ in the range [0,1).
When called with two integers
This function is an interface to the underling
pseudo-random generator function provided by C.
+No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.
@@ -9425,7 +9397,7 @@ instead of returning an error code.
-
@@ -9799,7 +9771,7 @@ then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
After this optional character,
if
When called without arguments,
@@ -10825,10 +10797,10 @@ and LiteralString, see §3.1.)
nrec is a hint for how many other elements
the table will have.
Lua may use these hints to preallocate memory for the new table.
-This preallocation is useful for performance when you know in advance
+This pre-allocation is useful for performance when you know in advance
how many elements the table will have.
Otherwise you can use the function lua_newtable.
@@ -3370,7 +3364,7 @@ Otherwise you can use the function lua_newtablelua_dumpint lua_dump (lua_State *L,
lua_Writer writer,
void *data,
@@ -3984,7 +3978,7 @@ passes to the allocator in every call.
lua_newtablevoid lua_newtable (lua_State *L);
lua_createtable(L, 0, 0).
lua_newthreadlua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);
lua_newuserdatavoid *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);
b onto the stack.
lua_pushcclosurevoid lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
lua_CFunction<
lua_pushfstringconst char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
lua_pushliteralconst char *lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);
s is a literal string.
lua_pushlstringconst char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
n onto the stack.
lua_pushstringconst char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);
lua_pushvfstringconst char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
const char *fmt,
va_list argp);
@@ -4561,7 +4555,7 @@ for other values, it is 0.
lua_rawsetvoid lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);
lua_settable, but does a raw
lua_rawsetivoid lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, lua_Integer i);
lua_rawsetpvoid lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);
lua_tolstringconst char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);
len is not NULL,
-it sets *len with the string length.
+it also sets *len with the string length.
The Lua value must be a string or a number;
otherwise, the function returns NULL.
If the value is a number,
@@ -5012,7 +5006,7 @@ when lua_tolstring is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
lua_tolstring returns a pointer
+lua_tolstring returns a fully aligned pointer
to a string inside the Lua state.
This string always has a zero ('\0')
after its last character (as in C),
@@ -5081,7 +5075,7 @@ Typically this function is used only for hashing and debug information.
lua_tostringconst char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);
luaL_addcharvoid luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);
c to the buffer B
luaL_addlstringvoid luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
luaL_addsizevoid luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);
luaL_prepbuffer).
luaL_addstringvoid luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
B
luaL_addvaluevoid luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);
luaL_buffinitsizechar *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
return luaL_error(args).
luaL_execresultint luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat);
luaL_fileresultint luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
luaL_getmetafieldint luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
LUA_TNIL.
luaL_getmetatableint luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
luaL_gsubconst char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
const char *s,
const char *p,
@@ -6537,7 +6531,7 @@ it does not run it.
luaL_newlibvoid luaL_newlib (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);
luaL_newlibtablevoid luaL_newlibtable (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);
luaL_newmetatableint luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
l is not NULL,
fills the position *l with the result's length.
-If the result is NULL
-(only possible when returning d and d == NULL),
-its length is considered zero.
@@ -6711,7 +6702,7 @@ Otherwise, raises an error.
luaL_prepbufferchar *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);
LUAL_BUFFERSIZEluaL_prepbuffsizechar *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
luaL_pushresultvoid luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);
luaL_pushresultsizevoid luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
luaL_addsize
luaL_refint luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);
luaL_setfuncsvoid luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
NULL
+the field value is changed to NULL
to signal that the handle is closed.
@@ -6905,7 +6896,7 @@ to signal that the handle is closed.
luaL_testudatavoid *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
luaL_tracebackvoid luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg,
int level);
@@ -6988,7 +6979,7 @@ If ref is LUA_NOREF or luaL_wherevoid luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);
select returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
metatable is nil,
removes the metatable of the given table.
If the original metatable has a "__metatable" field,
@@ -7567,11 +7557,8 @@ and "userdata".
-
-
-_VERSIONLua 5.3".
@@ -8207,11 +8194,9 @@ Options c, d,
i, o, u, X, and x
expect an integer.
Option q expects a string.
-Option s expects a string;
+Option s expects a string without embedded zeros;
if its argument is not a string,
it is converted to one following the same rules of tostring.
-If the option has any modifier (flags, width, length),
-the string argument should not contain embedded zeros.
sep is the empty string
Returns the empty string if n is not positive.
-comp is given,
then it must be a function that receives two list elements
and returns true when the first element must come
before the second in the final order
-(so that, after the sort,
-i < j implies not comp(list[j],list[i])).
+(so that not comp(list[i+1],list[i]) will be true after the sort).
If comp is not given,
then the standard Lua operator < is used instead.
-comp function must define
-a strict partial order over the elements in the list;
-that is, it must be asymmetric and transitive.
-Otherwise, no valid sort may be possible.
-
-
m and n,
math.random returns a pseudo-random integer
with uniform distribution in the range [m, n].
-(The value n-m cannot be negative and must fit in a Lua integer.)
+(The value m-n cannot be negative and must fit in a Lua integer.)
The call math.random(n) is equivalent to math.random(1,n).
+io.lines ([filename, ···])io.lines ([filename ···])format is the string "*t",
then date returns a table with the following fields:
-year, month (1–12), day (1–31),
+year (four digits), month (1–12), day (1–31),
hour (0–23), min (0–59), sec (0–61),
wday (weekday, Sunday is 1),
yday (day of the year),
@@ -9817,8 +9789,8 @@ formatted according to the same rules as the ISO C function strftime<
date returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on
-the host system and on the current locale.
-(More specifically, os.date() is equivalent to os.date("%c").)
+the host system and on the current locale
+(that is, os.date() is equivalent to os.date("%c")).