return function(code, ast, options)
	--- Line mapping
	local lastInputPos = 1 -- last token position in the input code
	local prevLinePos = 1 -- last token position in the previous line of code in the input code
	local lastSource = options.chunkname or "nil" -- last found code source name (from the original file)
	local lastLine = 1 -- last found line number (from the original file)

	--- Newline management
	local indentLevel = 0
	-- Returns a newline.
	local function newline()
		local r = options.newline .. string.rep(options.indentation, indentLevel)
		if options.mapLines then
			local sub = code:sub(lastInputPos)
			local source, line = sub:sub(1, sub:find("\n")):match("%-%- (.-)%:(%d+)\n")

			if source and line then
				lastSource = source
				lastLine = tonumber(line)
			else
				for _ in code:sub(prevLinePos, lastInputPos):gmatch("\n") do
					lastLine += 1
				end
			end

			prevLinePos = lastInputPos

			r = " -- " .. lastSource .. ":" .. lastLine .. r
		end
		return r
	end
	-- Returns a newline and add one level of indentation.
	local function indent()
		indentLevel += 1
		return newline()
	end
	-- Returns a newline and remove one level of indentation.
	local function unindent()
		indentLevel -= 1
		return newline()
	end

	--- Module management
	local required = {} -- { ["module"] = true, ... }
	local requireStr = ""
	-- Add the module "mod" to the list of modules to require, and load its field "field" (or the whole module if nil) into the variable "name".
	local function addRequire(mod, name, field)
		if not required[mod] then
			requireStr ..= "local " .. options.variablePrefix .. name .. (" = require(%q)"):format(mod) .. (field and "."..field or "") .. options.newline
			required[mod] = true
		end
	end

	--- Variable management
	-- Returns the prefixed variable name.
	local function var(name)
		return options.variablePrefix .. name
	end

	--- AST traversal helpers
	local loop = { "While", "Repeat", "Fornum", "Forin" } -- loops tags
	local func = { "Function", "TableCompr", "DoExpr", "WhileExpr", "RepeatExpr", "IfExpr", "FornumExpr", "ForinExpr" } -- function scope tags
	-- Returns the first node or subnode from the list "list" which tag is in the list "tags", or nil if there were none.
	-- Won't recursively follow nodes which have a tag in "nofollow".
	local function any(list, tags, nofollow={})
		local tagsCheck = {}
		for _, tag in ipairs(tags) do
			tagsCheck[tag] = true
		end
		local nofollowCheck = {}
		for _, tag in ipairs(nofollow) do
			nofollowCheck[tag] = true
		end
		for _, node in ipairs(list) do
			if type(node) == "table" then
				if tagsCheck[node.tag] then
					return node
				end
				if not nofollowCheck[node.tag] then
					local r = any(node, tags, nofollow)
					if r then return r end
				end
			end
		end
		return nil
	end

	--- State stacks
	-- Used for context-sensitive syntax.
	local states = {
		push = {} -- push stack variable names
	}
	-- Push a new value on top of the stack "name". Returns an empty string for chaining.
	local function push(name, state)
		table.insert(states[name], state)
		return ""
	end
	-- Remove the value on top of the stack "name". Returns an empty string for chaining.
	local function pop(name)
		table.remove(states[name])
		return ""
	end
	-- Returns the value on top of the stack "name".
	local function peek(name)
		return states[name][#states[name]]
	end

	--- Lua compiler
	local tags
	-- Recursively returns the compiled AST Lua code, set "forceTag" to override the tag type and pass additional arguments to the tag constructor if needed.
	local function lua(ast, forceTag, ...)
		if options.mapLines and ast.pos then
			lastInputPos = ast.pos
		end
		return tags[forceTag or ast.tag](ast, ...)
	end

	--- Lua function calls writer
	local UNPACK = (list, i, j) -- table.unpack
		return "table.unpack(" .. list .. (i and (", " .. i .. (j and (", " .. j) or "")) or "") .. ")"
	end
	local APPEND = (t, toAppend) -- append values "toAppend" (multiple values possible) to t
		return "do" .. indent() .. "local a = table.pack(" .. toAppend .. ")" .. newline() .. "table.move(a, 1, a.n, #" .. t .. "+1, " .. t .. ")" .. unindent() .. "end"
	end

	--- Tag constructors
	tags = setmetatable({
		-- block: { stat* } --
		Block = (t)
			local hasPush = peek("push") == nil and any(t, { "Push" }, func) -- push in block and push context not yet defined
			if hasPush and hasPush == t[#t] then -- if the first push is the last statement, it's just a return
				hasPush.tag = "Return"
				hasPush = false
			end
			local r = ""
			if hasPush then
				r ..= push("push", var("push")) .. "local " .. var("push") .. " = {}" .. newline()
			end
			for i=1, #t-1, 1 do
				r ..= lua(t[i]) .. newline()
			end
			if t[#t] then
				r ..= lua(t[#t])
			end
			if hasPush and (t[#t] and t[#t].tag ~= "Return") then -- add return only if needed
				r ..= newline() .. "return " .. UNPACK(var("push")) .. pop("push")
			end
			return r
		end,

		-- stat --

		-- Do{ stat* }
		Do = (t)
			return "do" .. indent() .. lua(t, "Block") .. unindent() .. "end"
		end,
		-- Set{ {lhs+} (opid? = opid?)? {expr+} }
		Set = (t)
			if #t == 2 then
				return lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " = " .. lua(t[2], "_lhs")
			elseif #t == 3 then
				return lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " = " .. lua(t[3], "_lhs")
			elseif #t == 4 then
				if t[3] == "=" then
					local r = lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " = " .. lua({ t[2], t[1][1], { tag = "Paren", t[4][1] } }, "Op")
					for i=2, math.min(#t[4], #t[1]), 1 do
						r ..= ", " .. lua({ t[2], t[1][i], { tag = "Paren", t[4][i] } }, "Op")
					end
					return r
				else
					local r = lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " = " .. lua({ t[3], { tag = "Paren", t[4][1] }, t[1][1] }, "Op")
					for i=2, math.min(#t[4], #t[1]), 1 do
						r ..= ", " .. lua({ t[3], { tag = "Paren", t[4][i] }, t[1][i] }, "Op")
					end
					return r
				end
			else -- You are mad.
				local r = lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " = " .. lua({ t[2], t[1][1], { tag = "Op", t[4], { tag = "Paren", t[5][1] }, t[1][1] } }, "Op")
				for i=2, math.min(#t[5], #t[1]), 1 do
					r ..= ", " .. lua({ t[2], t[1][i], { tag = "Op", t[4], { tag = "Paren", t[5][i] }, t[1][i] } }, "Op")
				end
				return r
			end
		end,
		-- While{ expr block }
		While = (t)
			local hasContinue = any(t[2], { "Continue" }, loop)
			local r = "while " .. lua(t[1]) .. " do" .. indent()
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= "repeat" .. indent()
			end
			r .. = lua(t[2])
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= unindent() .. "until true"
			end
			r ..= unindent() .. "end"
			return r
		end,
		-- Repeat{ block expr }
		Repeat = (t)
			local hasContinue = any(t[2], { "Continue" }, loop)
			local r = "repeat" .. indent()
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= "repeat" .. indent()
			end
			r .. = lua(t[1])
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= unindent() .. "until true"
			end
			r ..= unindent() .. "until " .. lua(t[2])
			return r
		end,
		-- If{ (expr block)+ block? }
		If = (t)
			local r = "if " .. lua(t[1]) .. " then" .. indent() .. lua(t[2]) .. unindent()
			for i=3, #t-1, 2 do
				r ..= "elseif " .. lua(t[i]) .. " then" .. indent() .. lua(t[i+1]) .. unindent()
			end
			if #t % 2 == 1 then
				r ..= "else" .. indent() .. lua(t[#t]) .. unindent()
			end
			return r .. "end"
		end,
		-- Fornum{ ident expr expr expr? block }
		Fornum = (t)
			local r = "for " .. lua(t[1]) .. " = " .. lua(t[2]) .. ", " .. lua(t[3])
			if #t == 5 then
				local hasContinue = any(t[5], { "Continue" }, loop)
				r ..= ", " .. lua(t[4]) .. " do" .. indent()
				if hasContinue then
					r ..= "repeat" .. indent()
				end
				r ..= lua(t[5])
				if hasContinue then
					r ..= unindent() .. "until true"
				end
				return r .. unindent() .. "end"
			else
				local hasContinue = any(t[4], { "Continue" }, loop)
				r ..= " do" .. indent()
				if hasContinue then
					r ..= "repeat" .. indent()
				end
				r ..= lua(t[4])
				if hasContinue then
					r ..= unindent() .. "until true"
				end
				return r .. unindent() .. "end"
			end
		end,
		-- Forin{ {ident+} {expr+} block }
		Forin = (t)
			local hasContinue = any(t[3], { "Continue" }, loop)
			local r = "for " .. lua(t[1], "_lhs") .. " in " .. lua(t[2], "_lhs") .. " do" .. indent()
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= "repeat" .. indent()
			end
			r ..= lua(t[3])
			if hasContinue then
				r ..= unindent() .. "until true"
			end
			return r .. unindent() .. "end"
		end,
		-- Local{ {ident+} {expr+}? }
		Local = (t)
			local r = "local "..lua(t[1], "_lhs")
			if t[2][1] then
				r ..= " = "..lua(t[2], "_lhs")
			end
			return r
		end,
		-- Let{ {ident+} {expr+}? }
		Let = (t)
			local nameList = lua(t[1], "_lhs")
			local r = "local " .. nameList
			if t[2][1] then
				if any(t[2], { "Function", "Table", "Paren" }) then -- predeclaration doesn't matter otherwise
					r ..= newline() .. nameList .. " = " .. lua(t[2], "_lhs")
				else
					r ..= " = " .. lua(t[2], "_lhs")
				end
			end
			return r
		end,
		-- Localrec{ {ident} {expr} }
		Localrec = (t)
			return "local function "..lua(t[1][1])..lua(t[2][1], "_functionWithoutKeyword")
		end,
		-- Goto{ <string> }
		Goto = (t)
			return "goto " .. lua(t, "Id")
		end,
		-- Label{ <string> }
		Label = (t)
			return "::" .. lua(t, "Id") .. "::"
		end,
		-- Return{ <expr*> }
		Return = (t)
			local push = peek("push")
			if push then
				local r = ""
				for _, val in ipairs(t) do
					r ..= push .. "[#" .. push .. "+1] = " .. lua(val) .. newline()
				end
				return r .. "return " .. UNPACK(push)
			else
				return "return "..lua(t, "_lhs")
			end
		end,
		-- Push{ <expr*> }
		Push = (t)
			local var = assert(peek("push"), "no context given for push")
			r = ""
			for i=1, #t-1, 1 do
				r ..= var .. "[#" .. var .. "+1] = " .. lua(t[i]) .. newline()
			end
			if t[#t] then
				if t[#t].tag == "Call" or t[#t].tag == "Invoke" then
					r ..= APPEND(var, lua(t[#t]))
				else
					r ..= var .. "[#" .. var .. "+1] = " .. lua(t[#t])
				end
			end
			return r
		end,
		-- Break
		Break = ()
			return "break"
		end,
		-- Continue
		Continue = ()
			return "break"
		end,
		-- apply (below)

		-- expr --

		-- Nil
		Nil = ()
			return "nil"
		end,
		-- Dots
		Dots = ()
			return "..."
		end,
		-- Boolean{ <boolean> }
		Boolean = (t)
			return tostring(t[1])
		end,
		-- Number{ <string> }
		Number = (t)
			return tostring(t[1])
		end,
		-- String{ <string> }
		String = (t)
			return ("%q"):format(t[1])
		end,
		-- Function{ { ( `ParPair{ Id expr } | `Id{ <string> } )* `Dots? } block }
		_functionWithoutKeyword = (t)
			local r = "("
			local decl = {}
			if t[1][1] then
				if t[1][1].tag == "ParPair" then
					local id = lua(t[1][1][1])
					indentLevel += 1
					table.insert(decl, "if " .. id .. " == nil then " .. id .. " = " .. lua(t[1][1][2]) .. " end")
					indentLevel -= 1
					r ..= id
				else
					r ..= lua(t[1][1])
				end
				for i=2, #t[1], 1 do
					if t[1][i].tag == "ParPair" then
						local id = lua(t[1][i][1])
						indentLevel += 1
						table.insert(decl, "if " .. id .. " == nil then " .. id .. " = " .. lua(t[1][i][2]) .. " end")
						indentLevel -= 1
						r ..= ", " ..id
					else
						r ..= ", " .. lua(t[1][i])
					end
				end
			end
			r ..= ")" .. indent()
			for _, d in ipairs(decl) do
				r ..= d .. newline()
			end
			if t[2][#t[2]] and t[2][#t[2]].tag == "Push" then -- convert final push to return
				t[2][#t[2]].tag = "Return"
			end
			local hasPush = any(t[2], { "Push" }, func)
			if hasPush then
				r ..= push("push", var("push")) .. "local " .. var("push") .. " = {}" .. newline()
			else
				push("push", false) -- no push here (make sure higher push don't affect us)
			end
			r ..= lua(t[2])
			if hasPush and (t[2][#t[2]] and t[2][#t[2]].tag ~= "Return") then -- add return only if needed
				r ..= newline() .. "return " .. UNPACK(var("push"))
			end
			pop("push")
			return r .. unindent() .. "end"
		end,
		Function = (t)
			return "function" .. lua(t, "_functionWithoutKeyword")
		end,
		-- Table{ ( `Pair{ expr expr } | expr )* }
		Pair = (t)
			return "[" .. lua(t[1]) .. "] = " .. lua(t[2])
		end,
		Table = (t)
			if #t == 0 then
				return "{}"
			elseif #t == 1 then
				return "{ " .. lua(t, "_lhs") .. " }"
			else
				return "{" .. indent() .. lua(t, "_lhs", nil, true) .. unindent() .. "}"
			end
		end,
		-- TableCompr{ block }
		TableCompr = (t)
			return push("push", "self") .. "(function()" .. indent() .. "local self = {}" .. newline() .. lua(t[1]) .. newline() .. "return self" .. unindent() .. "end)()" .. pop("push")
		end,
		-- Op{ opid expr expr? }
		Op = (t)
			local r
			if #t == 2 then
				if type(tags._opid[t[1]]) == "string" then
					r = tags._opid[t[1]] .. " " .. lua(t[2])
				else
					r = tags._opid[t[1]](t[2])
				end
			else
				if type(tags._opid[t[1]]) == "string" then
					r = lua(t[2]) .. " " .. tags._opid[t[1]] .. " " .. lua(t[3])
				else
					r = tags._opid[t[1]](t[2], t[3])
				end
			end
			return r
		end,
		-- Paren{ expr }
		Paren = (t)
			return "(" .. lua(t[1]) .. ")"
		end,
		-- statexpr (below)
		-- apply (below)
		-- lhs (below)

		-- statexpr --
		_statexpr = (t, stat)
			local hasPush = any(t, { "Push" }, func)
			local r = "(function()" .. indent()
			if hasPush then
				r ..= push("push", var("push")) .. "local " .. var("push") .. " = {}" .. newline()
			else
				push("push", false) -- no push here (make sure higher push don't affect us)
			end
			r ..= lua(t, stat)
			if hasPush then
				r ..= newline() .. "return " .. UNPACK(var("push"))
			end
			pop("push")
			r ..= unindent() .. "end)()"
			return r
		end,
		-- DoExpr{ stat* }
		DoExpr = (t)
			if t[#t].tag == "Push" then -- convert final push to return
				t[#t].tag = "Return"
			end
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "Do")
		end,
		-- WhileExpr{ expr block }
		WhileExpr = (t)
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "While")
		end,
		-- RepeatExpr{ block expr }
		RepeatExpr = (t)
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "Repeat")
		end,
		-- IfExpr{ (expr block)+ block? }
		IfExpr = (t)
			for i=2, #t do -- convert final pushes to returns
				local block = t[i]
				if block[#block] and block[#block].tag == "Push" then
					block[#block].tag = "Return"
				end
			end
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "If")
		end,
		-- FornumExpr{ ident expr expr expr? block }
		FornumExpr = (t)
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "Fornum")
		end,
		-- ForinExpr{ {ident+} {expr+} block }
		ForinExpr = (t)
			return lua(t, "_statexpr", "Forin")
		end,

		-- apply --

		-- Call{ expr expr* }
		Call = (t)
			return lua(t[1]) .. "(" .. lua(t, "_lhs", 2) .. ")"
		end,

		-- Invoke{ expr `String{ <string> } expr* }
		Invoke = (t)
			return lua(t[1])..":"..lua(t[2], "Id").."("..lua(t, "_lhs", 3)..")"
		end,

		-- lhs --
		_lhs = (t, start=1, newlines)
			local r
			if t[start] then
				r = lua(t[start])
				for i=start+1, #t, 1 do
					r ..= "," .. (newlines and newline() or " ") .. lua(t[i])
				end
			else
				r = ""
			end
			return r
		end,
		-- Id{ <string> }
		Id = (t)
			return t[1]
		end,
		-- Index{ expr expr }
		Index = (t)
			return lua(t[1]).."["..lua(t[2]).."]"
		end,

		-- opid --
		_opid = {
			add = "+", sub = "-", mul = "*", div = "/",
			idiv = "//", mod = "%", pow = "^", concat = "..",
			band = "&", bor = "|", bxor = "~", shl = "<<", shr = ">>",
			eq = "==", ne = "~=", lt = "<", gt = ">", le = "<=", ge = ">=",
			["and"] = "and", ["or"] = "or", unm = "-", len = "#", bnot = "~", ["not"] = "not"
		}
	}, {
		__index = (self, key)
			error("don't know how to compile a "..tostring(key).." to Lua 5.3")
		end
	})

	#placeholder("patch")

	local code = lua(ast) .. newline()
	return requireStr .. code
end